RAISING GAZA SURVIVAL CAPACITY AS PER VIOLENCE EXPERIENCED LESSON FROM BEST WAR SURVIVAL STORIES IN RECENT HISTORY
Keywords:
Gaza War 2023, Violence, Survival Techniques, Genocide, Rwanda, Cambodia, Vietnam, Leningrad, Bosnia, Algeria, PalestineAbstract
The violence used in the recent war on Gaza 2023, is beyond any human imagination. Based on the extensive review of the challenging situations in Gaza and the type of violence used, the researchers categorized the types of violence and then provided insights and learning points from the survival mechanisms developed during the wars. Learning points from the survival used against violence from cases of recent history wars in Bosnia, Leningrad (Russia), Vietnam, Cambodia, Rwanda, and Algeria are synthesized to bring creative opportunities for Gaza's resilience journey towards freedom. The focus here is to bring improvement of the 'capacity' of Gazans to survival vs. the survival 'demand' towards the fierce brutal violence on Gazans during the war of 2023 and after its math, depending on the type of violence used by the Israeli forces. A framework is proposed to help in analysing the type of tools that could be brought as per the type of violence Gazans are experiencing. The outcome of this paper confirms that even though surviving genocide is hard and that very few can endure, it is still possible given that Gazans develop further the mindset that helps to learn more alternative ways of survival as per the type of violence exerted on them.
References
Ahluwalia, P. & Miller, T. (2019) Violence, Social Identities, 25:2, 107-109.
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/epdf/10.1080/13504630.2018.1559477?needAccess=true
Date Accessed: 1/11/2023
Ahmed, Z., & Nasir, M. S. (2022) Surviving the Edges of Periphery: A Postcolonial Feminist critique of Mohammed Hanif’s Our Lady of Alice Bhatti. NUML Journal of Critical Inquiry, 20(II). https://doi.org/10.52015/numljci.v20iII.239.
Aljazeera News (2023) Israel continues to pound Gaza as it warns war could continue for ‘months’, 11 Dec
Date Accessed: 11/12/2023
American Thought Leader (n.d). The Cambodian Genocide: A Survivor's Story | CLIP. Nal Oum survivors,
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hph1AwJFXEk
Date Accessed: 1/11/2023
Bartels, S. Scott, J. Leaning, J., Mukwege, D., Lipton, R., VanRooyen, M. (2010) Surviving Sexual Violence in Eastern Democratic Republic of Congo. Journal of International Women’s Studies Vol. 11. May 4
Date Accessed: 1/11/2023
Buheji, M and Khunji, A (2023) Rehabilitating Gaza’s Wellbeing Through Storytelling (During & After War 2023), International Journal of Advanced Research in Social Sciences and Humanities (IJARSSH), 7 (1), 2023, pp. 9–21.
Buheji, M and Mushimiyimana, E (2023) “Gaza” – Towards an Agile Resilience, International Journal of Management (IJM), 14(7), pp. 120- 136.
Buheji, M; Al-Muhannadi, K (2023) Mitigating Risks of Environmental Impacts on Gaza - Review of Precautions & Solutions post (2023 War), International Journal of Advanced Research in Engineering and Technology, 14(7), pp. 15-47.
Buheji, M (2023) Redefining the Meaning of Hardiness- Gaza Lab, International Journal of Management (IJM), 14(7), pp. 77-95.
Buheji, M; Mavrić, B; Beka, G; Yein, T (2020) Alleviation of Refugees COVID-19 Pandemic Risks- A Framework for Uncertainty Mitigation International Business Research, Vol. 13, No. 7, pp. 69-79.
Calic, Marie–Janine (2012) Ethnic Cleansing and War Crimes, 1991–1995 (Bosnia). In Ingrao, Charles W.; Emmert, Thomas A. (eds.). Confronting the Yugoslav Controversies: A Scholars' Initiative. West Lafayette, IN: Purdue University Press. pp. 139–140.
Clapperton, J (2007) The siege of Leningrad as sacred narrative: conversations with survivors. Oral History: 49–60. online Archived 6 November 2020 at the Wayback Machine, primary sources,
Date Accessed: 1/11/2023
Dziuban, Z., & Stańczyk, E. (2020) Introduction: The Surviving Thing: Personal Objects in the Aftermath of Violence. Journal of Material Culture, 25(4), 381-390.
https://doi.org/10.1177/1359183520954514. Date Accessed: 1/11/2023
Fujii, L (2011) Killing Neighbors: Webs of Violence in Rwanda, Cornell University Press
Galtung, J. (1990) Cultural Violence. Journal of Peace Research, Vol. 27, No. 3. pp. 291-305.
Hick, J. & Bader, J. & Coleman, C. & Ansari, A. & Chang, A. & Salame-Alfie, A. & Hanfling,
D. & Koerner, J. (2017) Proposed “Exposure and Symptom Triage” (EAST) Tool to Assess Radiation Exposure After a Nuclear Detonation. Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness. 12. 1-10. 10.1017/dmp.2017.86.
Hiete, M., Bertsch, V., Comes, T., Schultmann, F., Raskob, W. (2010) Evaluation strategies for nuclear and radiological emergency and post-accident management. Radioprotection, 2010 Vol. 45, n° 5, pages S133 à S147.
Date Accessed: 1/11/2023
Horne, A (2006) A Savage War of Peace: Algeria, 1954-1962, New York Review Books Classics), LEAD (n.d) Cambodian Genocide Survivor | Loung Ung @ LEAD Presented by HR.com.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qw_YDyQSVcA
Date Accessed: 1/11/2023
Levy, G (2010) The Punishment of Gaza, Verso Books Mamdani, M (2020) When Victims Become Killers: Colonialism, Nativism, and the Genocide in Rwanda, Princeton University Press.
Manthous, C. A. & Jackson, W. L. (2007) The 9-11 Commission’s invitation to imagine: A pathophysiology-based approach to critical care of nuclear explosion victims, Critical Care Medicine, 35 (3), 716-723. https://oce.ovid.com/article/00003246-200703000-00005/HTML
Date Accessed: 1/11/2023
MEE (2023) Israel-Palestine war: The incendiary rhetoric deployed by Israeli leaders, Middle East Eye, 12 October
https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/israel-palestine-war-extremist-incendiary-language-rhetoric
Date Accessed: 1/11/2023
Najjar, F and Harb, A (2023) Israel-Hamas war live: UN General Assembly passes Gaza ceasefire resolution, Al-Jazeera News, 12 Dec.
Date Accessed: 1/11/2023
Pappe, I (2017) Ten Myths About Israel, Verso Publishing.
Pelz, D (2019) Namibia: Dispute over return of the Witbooi Bible. February 27.
Date Accessed: 5/11/2023
Project Ava (n.d). A Lifetime of Memories (A Cambodian Genocide Survivor's Story) | A Project Ava Documentary”.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KxAUcRuLjUM
Date Accessed: 5/11/2023
Sayre, E (2013) The Punishment of Gaza, Journal of Palestine Studies, 42:2, 103
Shatner Method (2000) A Survivor's Story of the Khmer Rouge Cambodian Genocide - ABC News Nightline - July 4, 2000.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LB9Ec-hdy64 .
Date Accessed: 5/11/2023
Stanton, G. h. (2021) The 10 Stages of Genocide. YouTube,
Date Accessed: 5/11/2023
Summers, J (1982) On Strategy: The Vietnam War In Context
https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/pdfs/AD1133386.pdf
Date Accessed: 1/11/2023
Tachikawa, K (2017) The Algerian War: A Model for Counterinsurgency Operations
https://www.nids.mod.go.jp/english/event/forum/pdf/2017/07_tachikawa.pdf
Date Accessed: 1/11/2023
UN (2023a) Shock and terror in Gaza as bombardment of shattered enclave resumes, United Nations, 1 December 2023
https://news.un.org/en/story/2023/12/1144217
Date Accessed: 3/12/2023
UN (2023b) UNICEF alert over ‘sickening’ levels of sexual violence in eastern DR Congo.
https://news.un.org/en/story/2023/05/1136777 .
Date Accessed: 1/11/2023
Wikipedia (2023) Israel–Hamas war
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war
Date Accessed: 1/11/2023
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Mohamed Buheji, Emmanuel Mushimiyimana (Author)

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.