EFFECT OF PVA CONCENTRATION ON STRUCTURAL, MORPHOLOGICAL, OPTICAL AND ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES OF PVA CAPPED SnS NANOCRYSTALLINE FILMS GROWN BY CHEMICAL BATH DEPOSITION
Keywords:
Chemical Bath Deposition, Morphological Properties, Optical Properties, Polyvinyl AlcoholAbstract
Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) capped tin monosulphide (SnS) nanocrystalline films have been grown successfully on glass substrates using a simple and low-cost wet chemical process, chemical bath deposition (CBD) at four different PVA concentrations that vary from 0.5 wt % to 2 wt %. XRD study indicated peaks related to SnS phase with (040) as preferred orientation. Various parameters such as average crystallite size, dislocation density lattice strain, and stacking faults were also estimated using XRD spectra. Raman analysis also confirmed the XRD results. The SEM and AFM micrographs exhibited a good morphology for the films deposited at 2 wt % concentration of PVA. FTIR studies revealed the presence of PVA in the films. The optical investigations confirmed the high absorbing nature for the experimental films and also, a blue shift in band gap values with PVA concentration was observed. The estimated band gap values vary from 1.73 eV to 1.55 eV, which might be due to quantum confinement effect. Hall measurement studies showed p-type conductivity for all the grown layers. Also, the variation of electrical resistivity, carrier concentration and mobility were studied with PVA concentration and the results are discussed
References
T. Ghomian, S. Farimand, and J-W Choi, The effect of isopropylamine-capped PbS quantum dots on infrared photodetectors and photovoltaics, Microelectronic Engineering, 183-184, 2007, 48-51.
J.J.L. Hmar, T. Majumder, and S.P. Mondal, Growth and characteristics of PbS/polyvinyl alcohol nanocomposites for flexible high dielectric thin film applications, Thin Solid Films, 598, 2016, 243-251.
I.S. Elashmawi, A.M. Abdelghany, and N.A. Hakeema, Quantum confinement effects of CdS nanoparticles dispersed within PVP/PVA nanocomposites, Journal of Material Science: Materials in Electronics, 24, 2014, 2956-2961.
M. Sharma, and S.K. Tripathi, Optical and electrical properties of polyvinyl alcohol doped CdS nanoparticles prepared by sol-gel method, Journal of Material Science: Materials in Electronics, 26, 2015, 2760-2768.
P K. Mochahari, and K C. Sarma, X-ray diffraction line profile analysis of polyvinyl alcohol capped cadmium sulphide nanostructured films, Indian Journal of Physics, 88, 2014, 1265-1270.
G.Yu. Rudko, A O. Kovalchuk, V I. Fediv, O. Ren, W M. Chen, I A. Buyanova, and G. Pozina, Role of the host polymer matrix in light emission processes in nano-CdS/polyvinyl alcohol composite, Thin Solid Films, 543,2013, 11-15.
R. Seoudi, S. Abd EI Mongy, and A A Shabaka, Effect of polyvinyl alocohol matrices on the structural and spectroscopic studies of CdSe nanoparticles, Physica B: Condensed Matter, 403, 2008, 1781-1786.
J. Osuntokun, and P A. Ajibade, Morphology and thermal studies of zinc sulphide and cadmium sulphide nanoparticles in polyvinyl alcohol matrix, Physica B: Condensed Matter, 496, 2016, 106-112.
J. Nayak, and S N. Sahu, Structure and optical properties of polyvinyl alcohol capped GaAs nanocrystals, Physica E: Low Dimensional Systtems and Nanostructures, 30, 2005, 107-113.
K S. Ojha, Structural and optical properties of PVA doped zinc sulphide thin films, Optik 127, 2016, 2586-2589.
I. Barandiaran, J. Gutierrez, H. Etxeberria, A. Tercjak, and G. Kortaberria, Tuning photoresponsive and dielectric properties of PVA/CdSe films by capping agent change, Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, 118, 2019,194-201.
D. Saikia, and P. Phukan Fabrication and evaluation of CdS/PbS thin film solar cell by chemical bath deposition technique, Thin Solid Films, 562, 2014, 239-243.
Longfei Pan, Shuhao Yuan, Jiahong Lin, Bingsuo Zou, and Li-Jie Shi, The tunable bandgap effect of SnS films, Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter, 30, 2018, 465302.
C-C. Huang, Y-J. Lin, C-J.Liu, and Y-W. Yang, Photovoltaic properties of n-type SnS contact on the unpolished p-type Si surfaces with and without sulphide treatment, Microelectronic Engineering, 110, 2013, 21-24.
K T. Ramakrishna Reddy, N. Koteswsara Reddy, and Miles R.W Photovoltaic properties of SnS based solar cells, Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, 90, 2006, 3041-3046.
E. Guneri, C. Ultas, F. Kirmizigul, G. Altindemir, F. Gode, and C. Gumus, Effect of deposition time on structural, electrical, optical properties of SnS thin films deposited by chemical bath deposition, Appllied Surface Science, 257, 2010, 1189-1195.
Y. Kawano, J. Chantana, and T. Minemoto, Impact of growth temperature on the properties of SnS films prepared by thermal evaporation and its photovoltaic performance, Current Applied Physics, 15, 2015, 897-901.
M. Ganchev, P. Vitanvov, M. Sendova-Vassileva, G. Popkirov, and H. Dikov, Properties of SnS thin films grown by physical vapour deposition, Journal of Physics.: Conference Series, 682, 2016, 012019.
K G. Deepa, and J. Nagaraju, Growth and photovoltaic performance of SnS quantum dots Materials Science and Engineering B, 17, 2012, 1023-1028.
A. Higareda-Sanchez, R. Mis-Fernandez, I. Rimmaudo, E. Camacho-Espinosa, and J.L. Pena, Evaluation of pH and deposition mechanisms effect on tin sulphide thin films deposited by chemical bath deposition, Superlattices and Mirostructures, 151, 2021, 106831.
J. Jing, M. Cao, C. Wu, J. Huang, J. Lai, Y. Sun, L. Wang, and Y. Shen Chemical bath deposition of SnS nanosheet thin films for FTO/SnS/CdS/Pt photocathode, Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 726, 2017, 720-728.
Sergio Battiato, Anna Lucia Pellegrino, Antonino Pollicino, Antonio Terrasi, and Salvo Mirabella, Composition-controlled chemical bath deposition of Fe-doped NiO microflowers for boosting oxygen evoluation reation, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 48, 2023,18291-18300.
R. Balakarthikeyen, A. Santhanan, Aslam Khan, Ahmed M.EI.Toni, A. Anees, Ansari, Ahmamad Imran, Mohd. Shkir, and S. AlFaify, Performance analysis of SnS thin films fabricated using thermal evaporation technique for photodetector applications, Optik, 244, 2021, 167460.
K.O. Haraa, S. Suzuki, and N. Usami, Formation of metastable cubic phase in SnS thin films fabricated by thermal evaporation, Thin Solid Films, 639, 2017, 7-11.
S-IK. Son, D. Shin, Y. Guk Son, C. Sik Son, D. Ryeol Kim, J. Hyung Park, S. Kim, D. Hwang, and P. Song, Effect of working pressure on the properties of RF sputtered SnS thin films and photovoltaic performance of SnS-based solar cells, Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 831, 2020, 154626.
K. Hartman, J L. Johnson, M I. Bertoni, D. Recht, M J. Aziz, M A. Scarpulla, and T. Buonassisi, SnS thin films by RF sputtering at room temperature, Thin Solid Films, 519, 2011, 7421-7424.
Y. Nouri, B. Hartiti, H. Labrim, A. Ziti, A. Belfhaili, A. Batan, S. Fadili, Mounia, Tahri and P. Thevenin, Synthesis of tin monosulfide SnS thin films via spray pyrolysis method based on Taguchi design for solar absorber, Optical Materials, 131, 2022,112669.
J A. Andrade-Arvizu, M F. Garcia-Sanchez, M. Courel-Piedrahita, P. Agudelo, E. Santiago-Jaimes, E. Valecia-Resendiz, A. Arce-Piaza, and O. Vigil-Galan, Suited growth parameters including type of conductivity conversions on chemical spray pyrolysis synthesized SnS thin films, Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 121, 2016, 347-359.
A. Tanusevski and D. Poelman, Optical and photoconductive properties of SnS thin films prepared by electron beam evaporation, Solar Energy Material and Solar Cells, 80, 2003, 297-303.
N. S. Saenko, The X-ray diffraction study of three-dimensional disordered network of nanographites: experiment and theory, Physics Procedia, 23, 2012, 102–105.
A. Purohit, S. Chander, S.P. Nehra, and M.S. Dhaka, Effect of air annealing on structural, optical, morphological and electrical properties of thermally evaporated CdSe thin films, Physica E: Low Dimensional Systems and Nanostructures, 69, 2015, 342-348.
S. Rasool, K. Saritha, K.T. Ramakrishna Reddy, K. Raveendranath Reddy, L. Bychto, A. Patryn, M. Malinski, M.S. Tivanov, and V.F. Gremenok, Optical properties of thermally evaporated In2S3 thin films measured using photoacoustic spectroscopy, Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing, 72, 2017, 4–8.
T. Sreenivasulu Reddy, G. Phaneendra Reddy, and K.T. Ramakrishna Reddy, A critical study of the optical and electrical properties of transparent and conductive MO-doped ZnO films by adjustment of MO concentration, Applied Surface Science, 458, 2018, 333-343.
A.M.S. Arulanantham, S. Valanarasu, K. Jeyadheepan, V. Ganesh, and M. Shkir, Development of SnS (FTO/CdS/SnS) thin films by nebulizer spray pyrolysis (NSP) for solar cell applications, Journal of Molecular Structure, 1152, 2018 137-144.
S. Banu, S. Jin Ahn, Y. JooEo, J. Gwak, and A. Cho, Tin monosulphide (SnS) thin films grown by liquid-phase deposition, Sol Energy, 145, 2017, 33-41.
T. Sall, B.M. Soucase, M. Mollar, and J.A. Sans, SnS thin films prepared by chemical spray pyrolysis at different substrate temperatures for photovoltaic applications, Journal of Electronic Materials, 46, 2017, 1714-1719.
S. Ali, F. Wang, S. Zafar and T. Iqbal, Hydrothermal Synthesis, Characterization and Raman Vibrations of Chalcogenide SnS Nanorods, IOP conference series: Materials Science and Engineering, 275, 2017, 012007.
D. Das, and R. Kumar Dutta, A novel method of synthesis of small band gap SnS nanorods and its efficient photocatalytic dye degradation, Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 457, 2015, 339-344.
G. Sreedevi, M. Vasudeva Reddy, C. Park, J. Chan-Wook, and K.T. Ramakrishna Reddy, Comprehensive optical studies on SnS layers synthesized by chemical bath deposition, Optical Materials, 42, 2015, 468-475.
M.R. Vasudeva Reddy, G. Sreedevi, C. Park, R.W. Miles, and K.T. Ramakrishna Reddy, Development of sulphurized SnS thin film solar cells, Current Applied Physics, 15, 2015, 588-598.
L. Brus, Electronic Electronic Wave Functions in Semiconductor Clusters: Experiment and Theory, The Journal of Physical Chemistry, 90, 1986, 2555-2560.
Y. Azizian-Kalandaragh, A. Khodayari, Z. Zeng, C.S. Garoufails, S. Baskoutas, and L.C. Gontard, Strong quantum confinement effects in SnS nanocrystals produced by ultrasound-assisted method, Journal of Nanoparticle Research, 15, 2013, 1388.
J. Xu, and Y. Yang, Study on the performances of SnS heterojunctions by numerical analysis, Energy Conversion and Management, 78, 2014, 260-265.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 P. Mallika Bramaramba Devi, K.T. Ramakrishna Reddy (Author)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
