OPERATING PRINCIPLES, DESIGN AND SIMULATION OF THE REGULATED AC TO DC CONVERTERS
Keywords:
Pn Junction, Diode, Rectifier, Filter, Regulator, Transformer, Simulation, Waveform, ProteusAbstract
In this paper, operating principles of regulated AC to DC converters have been discussed and the simulation results are provided. The circuit is built and simulated by Proteus software. The characteristics of half wave, centre tap and bridge rectifiers under forward and reverse directions was simulated and their output waveforms was analyzed. The key components used for the construction are step down transformer, diode, capacitor, zener voltage regulator, and output load resistor. The circuit was design using stage by stage approach which comprised four modules. These include: 220V to 12V step down transformer, rectifier, DC filter and regulator circuits. The step-down transformer was used to transform 220V voltage AC input into 12V voltage AC output. The Rectifier circuit was used to convert this low voltage AC into pulsating DC voltage output that consists of ripple components. We then connected a capacitor of a high capacitance to the output of the rectifier, to filter the pulsating DC voltage to produce pure DC voltage. Due to unwanted input fluctuations, we connected 12V zener diode regulator to maintain the output voltage at a constant 12V value. The simulation results show that for half wave rectifier only half of the input ac waveform appeared across the load while for the centre tap and the bridge rectifiers both positive and negative half cycles of the input AC waveforms are allowed. The results obtained from simulation are compatible with the actual experiments.
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Copyright (c) 2024 H. I. Ikeri, M. C. Ohakwere-Eze, O. K. Asielue , S. C. Igbokwe, A. N. Nwobodo, O. K. Okongwu , Nicholas Tasie , E. E. Okechukwu Nwuke (Author)
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